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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A182 Grade F11 Class 1

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ASTM A182 grade F11 class 1 are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F11 class 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
50
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
39
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.9
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
89
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.050 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
1.0 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
96 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.44 to 0.65
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.5 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0