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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade H Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ASTM A372 grade H steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade H steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
200 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
20 to 22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
310 to 380
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
410 to 570
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
650 to 910
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
430 to 550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
45
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
49

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
130 to 160
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
23 to 32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
21 to 27
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.3 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.4 to 0.65
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
97.3 to 98.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.75 to 1.1
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0