ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade J Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ASTM A372 grade J steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade J steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 200 to 310 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 17 to 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 310 to 570 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1080 | |
| 410 to 630 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 650 to 1020 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 430 to 850 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 2.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 130 to 170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 23 to 36 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 21 to 29 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 19 to 30 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.35 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 96.7 to 97.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.75 to 1.1 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |