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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A387 Grade 91 Class 2

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 91% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
330
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
75
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
470

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
600
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
8.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
10

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
37
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
88

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
6.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.020
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.080 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
8.0 to 9.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
87.3 to 90.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.85 to 1.1
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.060 to 0.1
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.030 to 0.070
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.2 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.18 to 0.25
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0 to 0.010