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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A414 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ASTM A414 steel are iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A414 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
110 to 180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
15 to 26
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
140 to 260
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
230 to 370
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
360 to 590
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
190 to 350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
49 to 50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.2 to 7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.3 to 8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.2
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8 to 7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5 to 1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20 to 22
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
69 to 130
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
13 to 21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
14 to 20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11 to 17