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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AWS E240

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AWS E240 are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS E240.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
14
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
42
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
160

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.060
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
17 to 19
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.75
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
58.6 to 68.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
10.5 to 13.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.75
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.0 to 6.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.1 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0