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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AWS E2595

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AWS E2595 are iron alloys. They have 60% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS E2595.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
23
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
61
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
190

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
30
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.040
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
24 to 27
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.4 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
51.4 to 64.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.5 to 4.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 10.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.2
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025
Tungsten (W), % 0
0.4 to 1.0
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0