ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.3551 Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.3551 steel are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 92% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.3551 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 220 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 75 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 720 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 530 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1490 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 460 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 36 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 8.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 9.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 9.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 4.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 71 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 82 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 9.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.77 to 0.85 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 3.9 to 4.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 88.8 to 91.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 4.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0.9 to 1.1 |