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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.4378 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.4378 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4378 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
190 to 340
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
14 to 34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
340 to 550
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
510 to 680
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
760 to 1130
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
430 to 970

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
910
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
12
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
39
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
150 to 220
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28 to 41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24 to 31
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16 to 23

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
17 to 19
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
61.2 to 69
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
11.5 to 14.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.3 to 3.7
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.2 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.060
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0