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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.4401 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.4401 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 69% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4401 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
190 to 270
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
14 to 40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
200 to 320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
410 to 550
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
600 to 900
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
230 to 570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
950
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
19
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
52
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
110 to 190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21 to 32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
20 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
13 to 20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.070
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
16.5 to 18.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
62.8 to 71.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.0 to 2.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
10 to 13
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0