ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.4945 Stainless Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.4945 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 64% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4945 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 200 to 220 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 19 to 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 230 to 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1080 | |
| 430 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 640 to 740 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 290 to 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 920 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1490 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1440 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 3.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 73 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 130 to 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 22 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 14 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 57.9 to 65.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 1.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.060 to 0.14 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |