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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.7378 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.7378 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7378 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
330
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
74
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
430
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
700
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
490

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
460
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
39
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
4.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
33
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
61

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.020
Boron (B), % 0
0.0015 to 0.0070
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.050 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
2.2 to 2.6
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
94.6 to 96.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.1
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.45
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.050 to 0.1
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.2 to 0.3