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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 2.4816 Nickel

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4816 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4816 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
74
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
470
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
700
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1370
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1320
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
1.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
1.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
55
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
9.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
260

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
23
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.050 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
14 to 17
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
6.0 to 10
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
72 to 80
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.3
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0