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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 2.4964 Cobalt

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4964 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4964 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Elongation at Break, % 14
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
86
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
960
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1630
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1550
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
400
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
1.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
1.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
9.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
450

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.050 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
19 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
46.4 to 58
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 3.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
9.0 to 11
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Tungsten (W), % 0
14 to 16
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0