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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Grade M30C Nickel

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade M30C nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade M30C nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
160
Elongation at Break, % 14
29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
61
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
510
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
900
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1290
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1240
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
430
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
3.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
9.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
250

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
10
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
5.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.3
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
26 to 33
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 3.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
56.6 to 72
Niobium (Nb), % 0
1.0 to 3.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
1.0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0