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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Grade N12MV Nickel

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade N12MV nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade N12MV nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Elongation at Break, % 14
6.8
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
130
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.31
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
84
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
600
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
900
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1620
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1570
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
390
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
10

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
75
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.2
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
16
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
200
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
260

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
34
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
4.0 to 6.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
26 to 30
Nickel (Ni), % 0
60.2 to 69.8
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.2 to 0.6