ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Grade N7M Nickel
ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade N7M nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade N7M nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 85 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 900 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1650 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 75 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 9.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 16 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 200 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 270 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 110 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0 to 0.070 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 30 to 33 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 60.9 to 70 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |