ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Grade VDCrV Steel
Both ASTM A231 spring steel and grade VDCrV steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade VDCrV steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 520 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 1730 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 49 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 2.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 26 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 49 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 61 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 51 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.62 to 0.72 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0.4 to 0.6 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 97.8 to 98.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.5 to 0.9 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |