ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. Nickel 689
ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 689 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is nickel 689.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 350 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 210 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 420 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 | |
| 21 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 80 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1080 | |
| 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 690 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 330 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 990 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 70 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 11 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 330 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 240 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 35 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.3 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.0030 to 0.010 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.1 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 9.0 to 11 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 9.0 to 10.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 48.3 to 60.9 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 2.3 to 2.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |