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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4037 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 4037 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4037 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
340
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
290

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
48
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
100
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.35 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
98 to 98.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0