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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4130 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 4130 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4130 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
200 to 300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
13 to 26
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
320 to 660
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
340 to 640
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
530 to 1040
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
440 to 980

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
43
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
50

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
83 to 180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
19 to 37
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19 to 29
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16 to 31

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.28 to 0.33
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
97.3 to 98.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.4 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0