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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 52100 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 52100 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 52100 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
180 to 210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
10 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
250 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
370 to 420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
590 to 2010
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
360 to 560

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
47
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12 to 13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
54 to 310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21 to 72
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
20 to 45
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19 to 61

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.93 to 1.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
1.4 to 1.6
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
96.5 to 97.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.25 to 0.45
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0