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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 9254 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 9254 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 9254 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
280
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
410
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
660
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.2
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
49

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.51 to 0.59
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.6 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
96.1 to 97.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.8
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
1.2 to 1.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0