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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI M46 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI M46 steel are iron alloys. They have 74% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI M46 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
800 to 2300

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1540
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1500
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
18
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
33
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
12
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
180
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
27 to 78
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24 to 48
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
25 to 71

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
1.2 to 1.3
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
3.7 to 4.2
Cobalt (Co), % 0
7.8 to 8.8
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
70 to 73.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.2 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
8.0 to 8.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.4 to 0.65
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.9 to 2.2
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
3.0 to 3.3