ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. R30016 Cobalt
ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30016 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is R30016 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 8.4 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 1000 | |
| 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 | |
| 8.0 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 85 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 1010 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1570 | |
| 580 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1270 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 1.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 500 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 72 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 24 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.9 to 1.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 49.6 to 66.9 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.2 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 5.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |