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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. R30816 Cobalt

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30816 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is R30816 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
250
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.3
Reduction in Area, % 46
22
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1020
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1540
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1460
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
420
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
20
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
320
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
440

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
28

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.32 to 0.42
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
19 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
40 to 49.8
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
1.0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
19 to 21
Niobium (Nb), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Tungsten (W), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0