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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. S21904 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and S21904 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is S21904 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
210 to 300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
17 to 51
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
380 to 550
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
510 to 620
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
700 to 1000
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
390 to 910

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
980
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
43
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
160 to 310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
25 to 36
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
23 to 29
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
15 to 21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.040
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
19 to 21.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
59.5 to 67.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
8.0 to 10
Nickel (Ni), % 0
5.5 to 7.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.15 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0