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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. S44725 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and S44725 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is S44725 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
81
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
17
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
44
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
99
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.015
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
25 to 28.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
67.6 to 73.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.5 to 2.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.26
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.018
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.26
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0