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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. ACI-ASTM CA40F Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and ACI-ASTM CA40F steel are iron alloys. They have 87% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CA40F steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
13
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
770
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
750
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
3.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
7.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
94
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
28

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.2 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
11.5 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
81.6 to 88.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0.2 to 0.4
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0