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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. ACI-ASTM CD4MCuN Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and ACI-ASTM CD4MCuN steel are iron alloys. They have 65% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CD4MCuN steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
18
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
770
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
17
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
18
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
49
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
130
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.040
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
24.5 to 26.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
2.7 to 3.3
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
59.5 to 66.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.7 to 2.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.7 to 6.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.1 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0