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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. AISI 304L Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and AISI 304L stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 304L stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
160 to 350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
6.7 to 46
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
170 to 430
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
370 to 680
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
540 to 1160
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
190 to 870

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
540
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
16
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
44
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
71 to 240
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
19 to 41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
12 to 25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
18 to 20
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
65 to 74
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 12
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0