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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
200 to 230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0