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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 1

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and ASTM A356 grade 1 are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
280

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.35
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
98.3 to 100
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0