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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. AWS E385

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and AWS E385 are iron alloys. They have 48% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS E385.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
34
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
580

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
1.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
1.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
31
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
5.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
79
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
200

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
19.5 to 21.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
1.2 to 2.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
41.8 to 50.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
1.0 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
4.2 to 5.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0
24 to 26
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0