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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. AWS ERTi-2

ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while AWS ERTi-2 belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS ERTi-2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
280

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1670
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1620
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
8.7

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
3.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
7.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
510
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
64
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0080
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
0 to 0.12
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.015
Oxygen (O), % 0
0.080 to 0.16
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
99.667 to 99.92
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0