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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. Commercially Pure Zirconium

ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while commercially pure zirconium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is commercially pure zirconium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
98
Elongation at Break, % 14
18
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
60
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
36
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
430
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
240

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
5.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
6.7
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
450

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
65
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
8.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
56

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0 to 0.2
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 4.5
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
0 to 0.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.025
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.16
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
94.7 to 100