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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.7321 Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and EN 1.7321 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7321 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
150 to 170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
490 to 1460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
45
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
50

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
17 to 52
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
18 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
14 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.17 to 0.23
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.3 to 0.6
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
97.1 to 98.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.7 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.4 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.025
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0