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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4145 Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and SAE-AISI 4145 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4145 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
310
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
16
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
240
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
580
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
360

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
80
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.43 to 0.48
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0