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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. R56401 Titanium

ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R56401 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is R56401 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
9.1
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
480
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 46
17
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
40
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
560
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
940
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
340
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1610
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
560
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
7.1
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
9.6

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
1.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
36
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
38
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
610
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
83
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
59
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
48
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
67

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
5.5 to 6.5
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.012
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.13
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
88.5 to 91
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
3.5 to 4.5