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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. S21640 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and S21640 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 71% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is S21640 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
46
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
740
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
940
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
17
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
51
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
280
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
17.5 to 19.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
63 to 74.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
3.5 to 6.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.5 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.0 to 6.5
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.1 to 1.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.080 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.060
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0