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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. S31655 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and S31655 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 70% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is S31655 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
39
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
300
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
710
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1010
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
17
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
46
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
19.5 to 21.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
63.2 to 71.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.5 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 9.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.14 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.015
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0