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ASTM A266 Carbon Steel vs. 5086 Aluminum

ASTM A266 carbon steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 5086 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A266 carbon steel and the bottom bar is 5086 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 180
65 to 100
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
68
Elongation at Break, % 21 to 26
1.7 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 170 to 200
88 to 180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 320 to 380
160 to 230
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 600
270 to 390
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 290
110 to 320

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
190
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
590
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51 to 52
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
31
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1 to 8.2
100

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18 to 19
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 46 to 47
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
5.8 to 42
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 230
86 to 770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
28 to 40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
34 to 44
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
52
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16 to 19
12 to 17