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ASTM A302 Alloy Steel vs. A390.0 Aluminum

ASTM A302 alloy steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while A390.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A302 alloy steel and the bottom bar is A390.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180 to 190
110 to 140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
75
Elongation at Break, % 20 to 23
0.87 to 0.91
Fatigue Strength, MPa 250 to 280
70 to 100
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
28
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590 to 620
190 to 290
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 350 to 390
190 to 290

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
640
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
580
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
880
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 39 to 51
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
20

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2 to 7.4
20
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2 to 8.4
67

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4 to 3.0
11
Density, g/cm3 7.8 to 7.9
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5 to 1.6
7.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20 to 21
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 48 to 50
950

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 120
1.6 to 2.6
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 330 to 410
240 to 580
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
52
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 22
19 to 30
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 21
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10 to 14
56
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 17 to 18
9.0 to 14