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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. AISI 309S Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and AISI 309S stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 63% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is AISI 309S stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
42
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Reduction in Area, % 39
51
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 420
400
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
580
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1080
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
19
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
51
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
13

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
22 to 24
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
58.1 to 66
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
12 to 15
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030