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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. AISI 334 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and AISI 334 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 60% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is AISI 334 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
150
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 420
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
190

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
16

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
22
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
4.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
59
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
140
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
96
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.15 to 0.6
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 20
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
55.7 to 62.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
19 to 21
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.15 to 0.6