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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. AISI 405 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and AISI 405 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is AISI 405 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
130
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 39
51
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 420
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
820
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1530
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
30
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
84
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
100
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
16

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.1 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
11.5 to 14.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
82.5 to 88.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030