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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 420
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.55 to 0.85
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.3 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050