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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. EN 1.0234 Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and EN 1.0234 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.0234 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
100 to 140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
12 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
170 to 270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
64 to 78
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 420
260 to 300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
350 to 480
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
220 to 410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
53
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
36 to 130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
130 to 440
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
12 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
14 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
11 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.020 to 0.060
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.13 to 0.17
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
99.02 to 99.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.35 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.1
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.025