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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. EN 1.4859 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and EN 1.4859 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 46% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4859 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
490
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
210

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1050
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1360
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
36
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
6.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
88
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
190

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
91
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.050 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
19 to 21
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
40.3 to 49
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
31 to 33
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.5 to 1.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.5 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030