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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. EN 2.4632 Nickel

ASTM A321 carbon steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4632 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4632 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
430
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 420
770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1250
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
780

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1010
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1340
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1290
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
75
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.3
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
9.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
350

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
1570
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
39

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
1.0 to 2.0
Boron (B), % 0
0 to 0.020
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.13
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
15 to 21
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.2
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
0 to 1.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
49 to 64
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0 to 0.15